By Toni       and has no comments   yet.
According to  online reports from the spring  of 2009, the two oldest known teak  trees, located in Kerala, India are  beginning to die. The famous flora  duo is located on the Conolly  plantation in the Malappuram district of  Kerala in Southeast India. The  trees are each about 163 years old,  having been planted sometime between  1842-1844. 
The plantation where the  teaks reside  is named after H.V. Conolly, the onetime Collector of  Malabar during  British colonial rule. He was said to have been an  important figure in  the planting of teak trees throughout the entire  Nilambur area. Shri  Chanthu Menon, a local forest officer working with  Conolly on this  venture, is also praised for his efforts. As a sign of  respect, he is  famously interred in Conolly’s plot on the plantation  grounds. 
In the teak  garden, there  exist a total of 117 trees, of which two have begun to  show signs of  decay, including the appearance of marked wrinkles, with  some reports  claiming that they are already 90% dead. Despite this  tragedy, tourists  are still allowed to visit the garden and gaze upon  the bittersweet  sight. 
Teak has  enjoyed a long  and fruitful history as a valued building material for  thousands of  years. Used originally in the construction of structures  and housing in  its native Southeast Asia, it became popular in Europe  after the British  came upon the tree in their vast colonization of the  area and brought  the wood west, out of the monsoon forests and into  temperate climes,  where it became a staple of the iconic “English  garden.” 
Teak was also  heavily  used in the building of ship decks around this time because of  its  amazing strength, weather-resistant qualities and its ability to  keep  surrounding metal parts from rusting. From there, teak became  synonymous  with park benches throughout Europe, where some benches  still around  today date back some two centuries.
As the most  popular wood  choice in patio furniture, teak is not a newcomer to the  world of  outdoor entertainment, but it’s become the most profitable and   well-known outlet as far as teak production. Sadly, the world’s oldest   teak trees don’t have a bright future, but you can pay homage to the   celebrated species in your own way. Owning a piece of teak furniture is   not only a sound investment; it’s also like owning a little piece of   history.
Read the original news  report here: http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/feature/worlds-oldest-teak-trees-dying-in-kerala_100191972.html#ixzz0f5DoYWuZCharacteristics of Teak Wood.
Teak is an extremely dense [40lbs  cuft when dry] fine  grained hardwood. Teak wood is generally straight  grained, but  occasionally wavy. The wood contains a high level of silica which causes   rapid blunting of cutting edges.
When fresh cut the surface of the wood is dull in appearance, and the timber has a distinctive, pleasantly aromatic odor which has been likened to the smell of leather. Fresh sawn teak has a slightly 'oily' feel due to the high oil content.
One of the most commonly quoted facts about the characteristics of teak is its durability. It is resistant to rot caused by fungal decay, and the high level of resinous oil present in the timber helps to act as a natural insect repellent giving the timber very high resistance to attack by termites and other wood boring insects.
The timber is resistant to water and many chemical reagents, including acids. It does not have a strong reaction when it comes in contact with metals.
The life time in the open for untreated wood (no varnish, lacquer, paint or polishing) is 30 – 35 years.
When fresh cut the surface of the wood is dull in appearance, and the timber has a distinctive, pleasantly aromatic odor which has been likened to the smell of leather. Fresh sawn teak has a slightly 'oily' feel due to the high oil content.
One of the most commonly quoted facts about the characteristics of teak is its durability. It is resistant to rot caused by fungal decay, and the high level of resinous oil present in the timber helps to act as a natural insect repellent giving the timber very high resistance to attack by termites and other wood boring insects.
The timber is resistant to water and many chemical reagents, including acids. It does not have a strong reaction when it comes in contact with metals.
The life time in the open for untreated wood (no varnish, lacquer, paint or polishing) is 30 – 35 years.
Care and Maintenance of Teak Furniture
Teak is a naturally beautiful wood with rich grain and color ranging from a honey gold to a chocolate brown. The grain and color come from the growth rings, and no two pieces will be alike in grain or color.It is best to receive your teak furniture in its “natural” finish (not oiled or waxed). This way you can tell the quality of the teak, and have a choice of finishes. Some manufacturers oil or polyurethane their teak furniture. This may be done to hide blemishes, and make the furniture look more attractive.
Natural Finish (Weathering)
If Teak is left unfinished, then it will weather to a handsome silvery gray. This process is gradual and usually takes between three to twelve months, depending on sunlight exposure. Rain or water will not affect the process. However, you may get some water spots when the teak is first exposed to the elements. You may choose to clean them out with mild soap and water, or leave them be. Either way, in a few months time, the furniture will be uniformly gray.
If teak furniture is exposed to rain, its grain will lift slightly. This is a natural process as wood slightly expands and contracts with the wet ad dry cycles. It will not affect the strength or durability of the wood. Teak will return to its smooth feel after the initial weathering process.
Teak Oil Finish
Teak Oil may be applied to Teak outdoor furniture to extend the aesthetic appearance of the new teak furniture. Teak oil, or other finishes that protect from Ultraviolet Light bleaching, delay the bleaching of the wood as long as they are effective. These finishes in no way extend the life of the furniture. Teak furniture requires no treatment to protect the wood.
Teak Oil eventually evaporates in six to twelve months (based on area conditions and sun exposure). You will notice that the oil finish starts showing a few streaks of unoiled wood. At this time, you must reapply teak oil to preserve the color.
If teak oil treatment is not repeated, the furniture will eventually bleach to a silvery gray.
Polyurethane Finish
Poly Urethane is used to finish teak wood panels on boats. This is only to maintain its aesthetic color, and give it a smooth shine. Teak wood does not require any finish to preserve its strength.
The Polyurethane will eventually flake and peel. Boatyards usually apply three coats of polyurethane onto teak trim used in boats annually.
Grades of Teak Furniture
Teak furniture is  made from teak wood, and is manufactured by several methods. It is  important to understand the grades of wood, the process for the wood,  and the manufacturing process.
Teak Wood is graded by appearance, knots (and their location) and by the kind of wood. There are three main grades in teak wood.
Teak Wood is graded by appearance, knots (and their location) and by the kind of wood. There are three main grades in teak wood.
Grade A Teak wood is produced from the center of the tree (commonly known as the 'heart' wood). A grade A piece of teak will be produced from a tree from 30-50 years of age.
characteristics: close grain, warm/honey color, oil rich and knot free. No streaks of white, no knots on top side, very few (live knots only – where there is discoloration but no fill – on the underside) knots, and these knots have to be less than 0.5 inch in diameter, and present only once in every 3-4 linear feet. This kind of wood is used in machine made teak furniture, since it is risky for the manufacturer to allow a cottage industry person to play with expensive, high quality wood and expect mediocre to bad results.
Grade B Teak wood has a warm color with occasional streaks of black and some splotches and discoloration. Grade B teak wood has more allowance for knots per linear feet. Grade B teak wood is sometimes used in “semi machine made” product. Semi Machine Made implies that personnel use electric saws to cut the wood, but there is no concept of a jig and fixture to make all the slats the same size or make the process repeatable. Semi Machine made product does not allow the end consumer the luxury of finding a replacement part, since all parts are unique and made to fit a specific piece. Semi machine made also means that the tenons “float” in the mortices (the joint is not exact, and there are gaps). This is usually filled with epoxy, and generally the furniture comes completely assembled, because the end customer would not tolerate the sloppiness.
Grade C Teak Wood has a dark color in places, mixed with a very white color in places. The white is the young sapwood. There is an allowance for dead knots (where the knot was weak, has been gouged out and filled with epoxy or putty) These knots may be on the top side or the bottom side. Grade C teak wood is most often used in “hand crafted” outdoor teak furniture. This is completely outsourced to the village industry and follows no process for drying and manufacture. Hand crafted also means that the tenons “float” in the mortices (the joint is not exact, and there are gaps). This is usually filled with epoxy, and generally the furniture comes completely assembled.
In summary – Grade A teak wood will most likely be machine made. Grade B and C will most likely be “semi machine made” or “hand crafted”.
Manufacturing
Machine made makes the parts precise and interoperable. This implies that if a part on your chair or table breaks, you can get a like replacement.
Semi Machine made furniture is a cheaper method of manufacture, more prone to error, and every piece is unique, with little possibility of replacing parts exactly
“Hand Made” – means everything in that piece of furniture was made without jigs and fixtures, and that there is a wide variation between items, plus the incidence and danger of warping (mainly in the legs).
So, in conclusion – Grade A teak  combined with Machine made production and kiln drying (not air drying)  offers the best furniture.
USES OF TEAK WOOD
Teak wood is often  used in marine applications, boatbuilding, Outdoor and indoor furniture  and flooring.
High quality Teak  can be imported  from Asia. Color and grain pattern will vary--making  your piece uniquely  wonderful.
Teak is a very durable hardwood  with excellent split  resistance.
Often chosen for its beautiful  olive-brown or  yellow-brown color which will become more golden as time progresses.   Density is 45 pounds per cubic foot.
When and Why to Choose Teak Wood for your project
When choosing a wood   species for a project (say garden furniture), it is critical that you  define the requirements.
Your requirements and  constraints could be:
Environment (Outdoors, salt air etc.)
Good Natural color
Good Weathered Color
High Resistance to Decay
High Resistance to boring insects like carpenter ants and termites
High Resistance to checking and splitting
High Resistance to splintering
High Strength (requires less bulky sections)
If your requirements were  as stated above then  the choice of teak is very good as it offers low  shrinking and  swelling, good color with age, natural decay resistance, natural oils   that repel water, and good strength. Honduran mahogany is also  reasonable, as it  provides most of the needed properties. However,  Honduran Mahogany does shrink  and swell with wetting and drying more  than teak, so some checking and splitting  can be expected.
Note:  There are three  wood species (not related and with considerably  different properties) that we  call mahogany--African, Honduran, and  Philippine mahogany.
Of our native  American  species, we don't have one that stands out as being fully acceptable.   Most softwoods are not suitable due to resin exudation or their low  strength.  Old growth cypress is one possibility. Many hardwoods are  prone to checking  or are very low in strength. Woods like black locust  or Osage orange, which are  good candidates, are hard to find, machine  with some difficulty, and have  high enough shrinkage to cause concern  about splits. Walnut is a strong possibility,  but when wet it might  leach a little, causing a person's white pants to  become discolored if  they sat on wet furniture; same problem with Osage orange. (American  chestnut would be a good candidate too; lumber is still  available.)
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